Gerbera is an ornamental flowering plant in the form of herbs are not trunked. Indonesian society called Gerbera as gebras or hebras. This plant is one of the ornamental crop arrivals from overseas (introduction) and thought to have come from South Africa, North Africa and Russia. Inventors Gerbera plants are Traug Gerber, a German naturalist who undertook an expedition to South Africa. Furthermore, Gerbera hybrid discovered by Jamenson. Starting from the second inventor, the plant Gerbera Gerbera jamessonii confirmed by the name of bolus.
Gerbera plants botanical classification is as follows:
Divisio: Spermatophyta
Sub Divisio: Angiospermae
Family: Compositae / Asteraceae
Genus: Gerbera.
Species: Gerbera jamensonii.
From the diversity of interest, particularly the crown sheet structure known as the four types of Gerbera flowers that have been cultivated in Indonesia, namely: Gerbara flowering layer: a layer of strands arranged flower crown and usually colored red, yellow and pink. Gerbera flower two: pieces of the crown is made vary more than one. Crown of the outer layers of strands of very visible difference in its structure. Example two: Gerbera flower layer jamensonii Double Fantasy Purple red. Gerbera flower three layers: an example of this is the Gerbera flower types jamensonii Fantasy Triple Red is the dominant flowering red, then yellow or yellowish-green variety. Type of Gerbera produced by Holland Flori Asia Net in the Netherlands, with a larger size than the three types above. Varieties grown are Gerbara Yustika (pink red), Jaffa Orange (bright orange), Ventury (dark orange).
GROWTH CONDITIONS
Climate Rainfall is needed for plant growth is between 1900-2800 mm / year. The best area is the cool temperate region with the minimum air temperature from 13.7 to 18 degrees C and a maximum of 19.5 to 30 degrees C. Ideal air temperature at 22 degrees C. The initial growth If you exceed 35 degrees C, germination of seeds will be disrupted. Media Planting Soil good for ornamental plant Gerbera is a sandy clay soil, fertile and high in organic matter or humus. Soil acidity (soil pH) is suitable for cultivation hebras ranged from 5.5 to 6.0.
Climate Rainfall is needed for plant growth is between 1900-2800 mm / year. The best area is the cool temperate region with the minimum air temperature from 13.7 to 18 degrees C and a maximum of 19.5 to 30 degrees C. Ideal air temperature at 22 degrees C. The initial growth If you exceed 35 degrees C, germination of seeds will be disrupted. Media Planting Soil good for ornamental plant Gerbera is a sandy clay soil, fertile and high in organic matter or humus. Soil acidity (soil pH) is suitable for cultivation hebras ranged from 5.5 to 6.0.
RAISING GUIDELINES
Breeding and Seed Requirements: Plants propagated by generative and vegetative. Seeds were selected from seed germination or that have a high ability to grow and look pithy. If seedlings are purchased from the store, pay attention to expiration dates.
Vegetatively propagated using tissue culture / puppies. Tissue culture material using lateral buds from the tree or plant stems Gerbera healthy and of a superior kind. Seedling obtained from plants of Gerbera which child a lot, its parent prolific flowering, the growth of normal, healthy and comes from superior plant species. Purposes seedling to be planted on 1 ha of open land around 80000-90000 when the spacing of 25 x 40 cm.
Preparation of Seeds: The seed that comes from the seeds planted before Transplanting to the field. Seeding can be done in the bath-tub seeding or small pots or pots with a diameter large enough. Should the media seedlings were given a plastic lid for humidity and air temperature remained stable and protected from direct sun. Seeds obtained from tissue culture of buds taken from the superior species immediately inserted into the container that contains material that is Clorax 30% sterilization. Perform sterilization for 20 minutes. After sterilization with sterilized immediately re Clorax HgCL2 20% for 5 minutes, then rinse with sterile water aquades 5 X. Seeds are separated from the clump of Gerbera seedlings that had been cleaned from the soil, some roots and old leaf stalks are removed. Each part of at least one seedling. Seeding technique Seed: seeding in the nursery tanks: Select the location where the seedlings that gets morning sun or inside a room that gets artificial light 40 watt / m 2. Prepare a mixture of media seedling fine fertile soil, sand and manure that has been cooked with a ratio of 1:1:1. Give a thin white plastic lid for humidity reaches 98%. Before placing a layer of media seedling insert broken bricks or tiles of approximately 1 / 3 tub nursery. Then fill in 90% seedling media. Seeding Gerbera seeds evenly. After 5-7 days, the lid is opened for 1 hour in the morning. From 7-10 days after seeding lid is opened for 3 hours / day, then the top of the lid is opened to 20 cm from the top to get 90% humidity. When seedlings reach age 21 days, in the afternoon lid removed.
Seeding in tissue culture: Prepare the basic medium of Murashige Skoog added sugar 30 grams / liter, vitamin B and plant growth regulators kinetin plus IAA 5 mg 0.5 mg / liter. PH before heated arranged around pH 5.7 by adding NaOH or HCl 0.1 N Made of solid medium with Difco Bacto Agar (DBA) of 7.5 grams / liter. Embed this lateral buds, at the age of 45 days compound buds begin to form. Results of tissue culture seedlings transferred to nursery and kept sterile until quite large. Furthermore Transplanting seedlings into the regular nursery with the same media composition with nursery seedlings. Seeding with saplings: Plant seedlings or seeds that have been cleared of soil, the roots of old leaves also invested in land nursery with a distance of 5 X 10 Cm.
MAINTENANCE NURSERIES / NURSERY
Flush every day 1 or 2 times depending on the weather. Fertilization is done 3 weeks after sowing. Fertilizer solution consisting of 5-10 grams of NPK in aqueous solution 10 liters, while the foliar fertilizer concentration is adjusted with the recommendation. Spacing after 5-6 weeks of age. Displacement Seedlings: Seedlings Transplanting from seed is ready after 3-5 strands of leafy plants. Seedlings from tissue culture ready to be planted if the size is quite large, while the seedlings are ready Transplanting of seedlings after the seedlings are strong enough.
MEDIA PROCESSING
Determine the strategic land and harmonious, clean from weeds, then if the land is within 30 cm to loose soil structure. Let the soil for 10-15 days. Opening of Land: Land is treated with a technique similar to the above preparation. Attach 100-150 cm tall pole on the east side and 80-100 cm on the west side. Shelter with clear plastic. Formation of beds: The bed width of 60-80 cm, height 30 cm and the distance between beds 40-60 cm. Create a moat around for excess water drainage and irrigation channels as well as time to irrigate crops. Shade can also be made at once for 2 beds with a high east and west sides of the same shade of a bed. Among the beds 150-200 m-high pole mounted so that the roof is triangular. Calcification: In the land of soil acidity is low (below 5) should be added to agricultural lime as dolomite, calcite, or Zeagro. Agricultural lime dose range 1-4 tons / ha depending on pH and soil type.
PLANTING TECHNIQUE AND DETERMINATION OF PLANTING PATTER
Planting hole as wide and as deep as hoes leaves at 20-25 cm plant spacing within rows and 35-40 cm between rows. The best time in the morning between the hours of 06:00 to 9:00 or afternoons between 15:00 to 17:00. How Planting: Moisten the planting hole until moist, seeds buried vertically in the middle of the planting hole, while compacting the soil around the base of the plant. Wash bed until quite wet.
Maintenance of Plant Spacing and stitching: If there are plants that die or damaged as early as may be embroidered or replaced with a good crop on the same hole. Stitching period should not exceed the age of 30 days after planting. When stitching a good morning / afternoon. Weeding: Intended for clean up around the plants from weeds and soil while fertilize.
HARVEST
Characteristics and Age of Harvest: Flowers Gerbera are ready for harvest is already in full bloom the flower bud or when flowers bloom and a half to ¾. Harvesting around age 6-8 months after planting the seeds of origin of seeds, or 3-5 months when the seedlings came from tillers. Estimated Production: At planting Gerbera good and kind superior, each clump can produce 5-15 Gerbera petals or about 140 flowers per meter of land per year