Maiden Hair Flower

As the vegetation of ferns, maidenhair ferns do not produce flowers in the life cycle. Duplication of generative suplir performed with spores which lies on the edge of the underside of leaves of plants grown. Maidenhair ferns have a distinctly different appearance from other types of ferns. 

The leaves are not elongated, but tends to rounded. The clusters on the underside of leaves on the edges.  

Spores are protected by the sporangium which is protected by the indusium. Typical stalk, shiny black, sometimes scaly, smooth when mature. As with other ferns, the leaves grow from the rhizomes in a circular form into (Javanese mlungker) like stalk fiddle (called circinate vernation) and slowly opened. Fibers grow from their roots and rhizomes. 

Plants maidenhair ferns are very popular as an ornamental plant that beautiful leafy. Ornamental plant cultivation in Indonesia has long been done. If you want an entrepreneurial venture in the field of ornamental plant cultivation maidenhair ferns, there are some steps we need to know who the cultivation: 


1. Techniques Growing Media
At this stage we are required to know how to create a good planting medium. This stage is very important to the success of efforts in the cultivation of plants maidenhair ferns. Sometimes this stage is often overlooked or not fully mastered. 

2. Mechanical Maintenance
At this stage required to know how to maintain the plant maidenhair ferns to be ornamental plants that are healthy, fertile, and beautiful. These phases include: planting, watering, cultivating, protecting the environment and the replacement of the pot. 

3. Propagation Techniques

Both of these techniques need to be mastered and understood because it has a considerable influence on the survival of crop cultivation maidenhair ferns. 


These three stages are related to each other. All will not be successful when learning or mastering one of them, eg the technique of making the planting medium, or engineering maintenance, or propagation technique alone. Therefore all three stages must be mastered and studied thoroughly. Apart from the third stage there is another stage to note that eradicate pests and plant diseases maidenhair ferns.



Gerbera Cultivation


Gerbera is an ornamental flowering plant in the form of herbs are not trunked. Indonesian society called Gerbera as gebras or hebras. This plant is one of the ornamental crop arrivals from overseas (introduction) and thought to have come from South Africa, North Africa and Russia. Inventors Gerbera plants are Traug Gerber, a German naturalist who undertook an expedition to South Africa. Furthermore, Gerbera hybrid discovered by Jamenson. Starting from the second inventor, the plant Gerbera Gerbera jamessonii confirmed by the name of bolus. 

Gerbera plants botanical classification is as follows:
Divisio: Spermatophyta
Sub Divisio: Angiospermae 
Family: Compositae / Asteraceae 
Genus: Gerbera. 
Species: Gerbera jamensonii.

From the diversity of interest, particularly the crown sheet structure known as the four types of Gerbera flowers that have been cultivated in Indonesia, namely: Gerbara flowering layer: a layer of strands arranged flower crown and usually colored red, yellow and pink. Gerbera flower two: pieces of the crown is made vary more than one. Crown of the outer layers of strands of very visible difference in its structure. Example two: Gerbera flower layer jamensonii Double Fantasy Purple red. Gerbera flower three layers: an example of this is the Gerbera flower types jamensonii Fantasy Triple Red is the dominant flowering red, then yellow or yellowish-green variety. Type of Gerbera produced by Holland Flori Asia Net in the Netherlands, with a larger size than the three types above. Varieties grown are Gerbara Yustika (pink red), Jaffa Orange (bright orange), Ventury (dark orange).

GROWTH CONDITIONS
Climate Rainfall is needed for plant growth is between 1900-2800 mm / year. The best area is the cool temperate region with the minimum air temperature from 13.7 to 18 degrees C and a maximum of 19.5 to 30 degrees C. Ideal air temperature at 22 degrees C. The initial growth If you exceed 35 degrees C, germination of seeds will be disrupted. Media Planting Soil good for ornamental plant Gerbera is a sandy clay soil, fertile and high in organic matter or humus. Soil acidity (soil pH) is suitable for cultivation hebras ranged from 5.5 to 6.0.

RAISING GUIDELINES
Breeding and Seed Requirements: Plants propagated by generative and vegetative. Seeds were selected from seed germination or that have a high ability to grow and look pithy. If seedlings are purchased from the store, pay attention to expiration dates. 

Vegetatively propagated using tissue culture / puppies. Tissue culture material using lateral buds from the tree or plant stems Gerbera healthy and of a superior kind. Seedling obtained from plants of Gerbera which child a lot, its parent prolific flowering, the growth of normal, healthy and comes from superior plant species. Purposes seedling to be planted on 1 ha of open land around 80000-90000 when the spacing of 25 x 40 cm. 

Preparation of Seeds: The seed that comes from the seeds planted before Transplanting to the field. Seeding can be done in the bath-tub seeding or small pots or pots with a diameter large enough. Should the media seedlings were given a plastic lid for humidity and air temperature remained stable and protected from direct sun. Seeds obtained from tissue culture of buds taken from the superior species immediately inserted into the container that contains material that is Clorax 30% sterilization. Perform sterilization for 20 minutes. After sterilization with sterilized immediately re Clorax HgCL2 20% for 5 minutes, then rinse with sterile water aquades 5 X. Seeds are separated from the clump of Gerbera seedlings that had been cleaned from the soil, some roots and old leaf stalks are removed. Each part of at least one seedling. Seeding technique Seed: seeding in the nursery tanks: Select the location where the seedlings that gets morning sun or inside a room that gets artificial light 40 watt / m 2. Prepare a mixture of media seedling fine fertile soil, sand and manure that has been cooked with a ratio of 1:1:1. Give a thin white plastic lid for humidity reaches 98%. Before placing a layer of media seedling insert broken bricks or tiles of approximately 1 / 3 tub nursery. Then fill in 90% seedling media. Seeding Gerbera seeds evenly. After 5-7 days, the lid is opened for 1 hour in the morning. From 7-10 days after seeding lid is opened for 3 hours / day, then the top of the lid is opened to 20 cm from the top to get 90% humidity. When seedlings reach age 21 days, in the afternoon lid removed. 

Seeding in tissue culture: Prepare the basic medium of Murashige Skoog added sugar 30 grams / liter, vitamin B and plant growth regulators kinetin plus IAA 5 mg 0.5 mg / liter. PH before heated arranged around pH 5.7 by adding NaOH or HCl 0.1 N Made of solid medium with Difco Bacto Agar (DBA) of 7.5 grams / liter. Embed this lateral buds, at the age of 45 days compound buds begin to form. Results of tissue culture seedlings transferred to nursery and kept sterile until quite large. Furthermore Transplanting seedlings into the regular nursery with the same media composition with nursery seedlings. Seeding with saplings: Plant seedlings or seeds that have been cleared of soil, the roots of old leaves also invested in land nursery with a distance of 5 X 10 Cm.  

MAINTENANCE NURSERIES / NURSERY
Flush every day 1 or 2 times depending on the weather. Fertilization is done 3 weeks after sowing. Fertilizer solution consisting of 5-10 grams of NPK in aqueous solution 10 liters, while the foliar fertilizer concentration is adjusted with the recommendation. Spacing after 5-6 weeks of age. Displacement Seedlings: Seedlings Transplanting from seed is ready after 3-5 strands of leafy plants. Seedlings from tissue culture ready to be planted if the size is quite large, while the seedlings are ready Transplanting of seedlings after the seedlings are strong enough.

MEDIA PROCESSING
Determine the strategic land and harmonious, clean from weeds, then if the land is within 30 cm to loose soil structure. Let the soil for 10-15 days. Opening of Land: Land is treated with a technique similar to the above preparation. Attach 100-150 cm tall pole on the east side and 80-100 cm on the west side. Shelter with clear plastic. Formation of beds: The bed width of 60-80 cm, height 30 cm and the distance between beds 40-60 cm. Create a moat around for excess water drainage and irrigation channels as well as time to irrigate crops. Shade can also be made at once for 2 beds with a high east and west sides of the same shade of a bed. Among the beds 150-200 m-high pole mounted so that the roof is triangular. Calcification: In the land of soil acidity is low (below 5) should be added to agricultural lime as dolomite, calcite, or Zeagro. Agricultural lime dose range 1-4 tons / ha depending on pH and soil type.  
 
PLANTING TECHNIQUE AND DETERMINATION OF PLANTING PATTER
Planting hole as wide and as deep as hoes leaves at 20-25 cm plant spacing within rows and 35-40 cm between rows. The best time in the morning between the hours of 06:00 to 9:00 or afternoons between 15:00 to 17:00. How Planting: Moisten the planting hole until moist, seeds buried vertically in the middle of the planting hole, while compacting the soil around the base of the plant. Wash bed until quite wet.
Maintenance of Plant Spacing and stitching: If there are plants that die or damaged as early as may be embroidered or replaced with a good crop on the same hole. Stitching period should not exceed the age of 30 days after planting. When stitching a good morning / afternoon. Weeding: Intended for clean up around the plants from weeds and soil while fertilize. 
 
HARVEST  
Characteristics and Age of Harvest: Flowers Gerbera are ready for harvest is already in full bloom the flower bud or when flowers bloom and a half to ¾. Harvesting around age 6-8 months after planting the seeds of origin of seeds, or 3-5 months when the seedlings came from tillers. Estimated Production: At planting Gerbera good and kind superior, each clump can produce 5-15 Gerbera petals or about 140 flowers per meter of land per year 
 
 

Gerbera Flowers

People used to call it a plant gerbera or hebras which is a form of herbaceous ornamental flower plants are not trunked. This plant is one of the comers of ornamental plants from overseas (introduction) and are thought to originate from South Africa, North Africa and Russia. Inventors Gerbera plants are Traug Gerber, a German naturalist who undertook an expedition to South Africa. Subsequently discovered by Jamenson Gerbera hybrids.
 
Herbras consists of approximately 2,000 cultivars with flowers that have a shape and size varied between 5-12 cm in diameter. Flowers has hump Herbras (capitulum) of which is the subject of two layers of a series of petals (called ray florets) long shaped the colorful interesting: orange, yellow, pink, red, white, salmon pink, and purple. Section containing an array of hump also hundreds of small flowers (florets and disc florets trans) so it looks like a flower intact. At the center hump is sometimes dark. At the same flower color differences are also often found on the petals.

From the diversity of flower shapes, especially the structure of the crown pieces Gerbera flower known for four species that have been cultivated in Indonesia, namely:
a) Gerbara flowering layer: a layer of strands arranged petals and are generally colored red, yellow and pink.
b) Gerbera bloom two: pieces of the crown is composed of more than one variable. Crown of the outer layers of strands appear very different arrangement. Examples of tier two of Gerbera flower jamensonii Double Fantasy Purple red.
c) Gerbera bloom three layers: an example of this is the Gerbera flower types jamensonii Fantasy Triple Red is the dominant flowering red, then yellow or yellowish-green variety.
d) Type of Gerbera produced by Flori Asia Net Holland in the Netherlands, with a larger size than the three types above. Varieties planted are Gerbera Yustika (pink red), Jaffa Orange (bright orange), Ventury (dark orange.  
 
Requirements for Seed
Plants propagated by generative and vegetative. Seeds were selected from seed germination or that have a high ability to grow and look pithy. If seedlings are purchased from the store, pay attention to expiration dates.
 
Vegetatively propagated using tissue culture / puppies. Tissue culture material using lateral buds from the tree or plant stems Gerbera healthy and of a superior kind. Seedling obtained from plants of Gerbera which child a lot, its parent prolific flowering, the growth of normal, healthy and comes from superior plant species. Purposes seedling to be planted on 1 ha of open land around 80000-90000 when the spacing of 25 x 40 cm.

Preparation of Seeds
Seeds derived from the seeds planted before Transplanting to the field. Seeding can be done in the bath-tub seeding or small pots or pots with a diameter large enough. Should the media seedlings were given a plastic lid for humidity and air temperature remained stable and protected from direct sun.
 
Seeds are separated from the clump of Gerbera seedlings that had been cleaned from the soil, some roots and old leaf stalks are removed. Each part of at least one seedling.


Seed seeding technique 
a)  Choose the location where the seedlings that gets morning sun or inside a room that gets 40 watt/m2 artificial light. Prepare a mixture of media seedling fine fertile soil, sand and manure that has been cooked with a ratio of 1:1:1. Give a thin white plastic lid for humidity reaches 98%. Before placing a layer of media seedling insert broken bricks or tiles of approximately 1 / 3 tub nursery. Then fill in 90% seedling media. Seeding Gerbera seeds evenly. After 5-7 days, the lid is opened for 1 hour in the morning. From 7-10 days after seeding lid is opened for 3 hours / day, then the top of the lid is opened to 20 cm from the top to get 90% humidity. When seedlings reach age 21 days, in the afternoon lid removed.

b) Seeding in tissue culture
Prepare a basic medium of Murashige Skoog added sugar 30 grams / liter, vitamin B and plant growth regulators kinetin plus IAA 5 mg 0.5 mg / liter. PH before heated arranged around pH 5.7 by adding NaOH or HCl 0.1 N Made of solid medium with Difco Bacto Agar (DBA) of 7.5 grams / liter. Embed this lateral buds, at the age of 45 days compound buds begin to form. Results of tissue culture seedlings transferred to nursery and kept sterile until quite large. Furthermore Transplanting seedlings into the regular nursery with the same media composition with nursery seedlings.

Asparagus Plant


Many people think this is a fern plant asparagus. Cursory form of its leaves are similar, but asparagus is a member of liliaceae, that does not exist relationship with fern or ferns. 
Many types of asparagus are all beautiful and attractive leaves. Characteristic of this is the leaves of crops were sharp, lush growth of dangling or straightened, and the color green to yellow-green leaves. With such a figure is not surprising that plants from South Africa is very suitable planted in pots to decorate the room.Here are some types of asparagus are common and sold in a variety of nursery: 
 
Asparagus densiflorus "Myers" 
Unique leaf shape, like a squirrel tail. That is why many people often call it a squirrel tail asparagus. His figure was somewhat distorted compared to his brother. He did not grow up dangling, but straightened. Even so, his trademark is still apparent. The leaves are needle-shaped small pieces fill the entire surface of the trunk. Arrangement of leaf shape that resembles a bottle brush plant that also makes it dubbed a bottle brush. The color of fresh green leaves there are, some are yellow-green. 
 
Asparagus densiflorus' Sprengeri " 
This species is popularly known as ferns Doren, although not actually a fern. Branched stalks leaves filled with leaves of green needles. The growth of hanging, this type sometimes flowering keecil white, which then turned into fruit. 
 
Asparagus myriocladus 
He is popularly known as star of asparagus. Stem is woody and much branched. The growing upright, leaves a small needle and strung like a star that's what earned him the title star of asparagus.When young leaves are yellowish and then gradually became green. 
 
Asparagus water 
This type of figure can not be high, most high only reached 25 cm only. The leaves are also smaller than his brother leaves, so the smoother texture, the color of fresh green leaves. In the morning usually leaves covered with dew points, so he dubbed the asparagus water. 
 
Asparagus for concatenation Flowers 
In addition to other types of asparagus as described above, which are generally grown in pots to decorate the room, there is one kind of another, namely asparagus plumosus. Type one is usually planted in the yard and the leaves can be cut flower arrangements as a complement.